| SHABBAT | NISAN | IYAR | SIVAN | TAMMUZ | AV | |
| TISHREI | HESHIVAN | KISLEV | TEVET | SHEVAT | ADAR | |
| SABBATICAL YEAR | YEAR OF JUBALEE | |||||
| Y DATE | REPEATS |
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It is celebrated every Saturday both at home and in the synagogue, beginning at sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. |
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Rosh Chodesh |
New moon celebration, As the year of the Hebrews was lunar, not solar, it consisted of only 354 days 8 hours 48' 38". This, distributed among twelve months. | |
| Y MONTH | WITHIN THIS MONTH |
HISTORY BEHIND IT |
| Nisan | 1st - Tabernacle was completed in
the wilderness 14th - Paschal sacrafice was offered in biblical times. 14th - Beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Revolt (1943) 15th-21st - (in the Diaspora (exile) 15-22) - Passover 27th - Memorial Day to the Victimes of the Holocaust |
The Bible calls it "the month of Abib (Spring) (Ex. 13:4, 23:15, 34:18; Deut. 16:1). |
| Iyar | 5th - Israel's Independence Day,
5708 (14 May 1948) 14th - Pesah Sheni (Second Passover) in the Temple period 18th - Lag b-Omery 28th - Jerusalem Day |
The Bible calls it Ziv (radience)
(I Kg. 6:1, 6:37) |
| Sivan | 6th - Festival of Shavuot (Pentecost or Feast of Weeks), (in the Diaspora (exile) also on the 7th) | The name appears in the Bible only in Esther 8:9 |
| Tammuz | 17th - Fast of Seventeeth Tammuz (Shivah Asar be-Tammuz), a day of national mourning | It is mentioned once in the Bible in reference to the Babylonian god (Ezek. 8:14) |
| Av | 1st - Aaron dies (Num. 33:38) 9th - Tishah be-Av, day of national mourning 9th - The destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE) 9th - The destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) 9th - Jerusalem razed by Hadrian (132 CE) 9th - Bethar falls as Bar Kokhba revolt is crushed (135 CE) 9th - England expels the Jews (1290) 9th - Spain expels the Jews (1492) 9th - Jews of Rome enclosed in ghetto (1555) 10th - France expels the Jews (1306) |
The name first appears in Jewish sourses in Megillat Ta'anit of the talmudic period (third to fifth centuries) |
| Elul | As Elul immediately precedes the Days of Awe, it is a month of repentence | Its name appears only once in the Bible (Neh. 6:15) |
| Tishri | 1st and 2nd - Rosh ha-Shanah 3rd - Feast of Gedaliah 10th - Yom Kippur 10th - Expulsion of the Jews from Paris (1394) 10th - Yom Kippur War begins (1973) 15th - Seven day festival of Succot begins 21st - Hoshana Rabbah 22nd - Shemini Atzeret (also Simhat Torah in Eretz Israel) |
In the Bible it is referred to as "the month of Ethanim", the month of natural forces (I Kg. 8:2). The name "Tishri", from the Akkadian root meaning "to begin", first appears in Jewish sourses in the Talmud. |
| Heshivan | 16th - the destruction of
synagogues in Nazi Germany and Austria on Reichskristallnacht (9/10 November 1938) |
The Bible calls it "the month of the Bul" (I Kg. 6:38) in reference to the bountiful harvests associated with the season. The name Heshivan first appears in Jewish sourses in talmudic literature and Josephus (Ant. 1,3,3). |
| Kislev | 17th - U.N. General Assembly
decides on partition of Palestine (29 November 1947) 22nd - State of Israel declares Jerusalem its capital (1949) 24th - Building of the Second Temple (Haggai 2:18) 24th - Brutish capture of Jerusalem (8 December 1917) 25th - Festival of Hanukkah begins |
It is mentioned in the Bible (Zech. 7:1; Neh. 1:1). |
| Tevet | 10th - Asarah be-Tevet. A day of
fasting and mourning, marking the start of the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonian King
Nebuchadnezzar (588 BCE) 10th - General Kaddish day. Memorial day for the victims of the Holocaust whose day of death is unknown (1949) 19th- Keren Kayemet le-Israel (Jewish National Fund) established, 5662 (1901) 20th - Maimonides dies (1204) 23rd - Portugal expels its Jewish population (1496 |
Although it is mentioned in the Bible its meaning is obscure (Esth. 2:16). |
| Shevat | 15th - Tub-Shevat, the New Year
for Trees 15th - First Knesset convenes, 5709 (1949) 18th - Knesset elects Chaim Weizmann as first president of the State of Israel. |
The name appears once in the Bible (Zech. 1:7). |
| Adar | 1st - Shekel campaign begun in
Temple period 7th - Birth and Death of Moses; marked as yahzeit of all persons whose burial place is unknown, and, in Israel, of the "Unknown Soldiers." 13th - Fast of Esther 14th - Purim 15th - Shushan Purim |
The name appears in the Bible in Ezra 6:15 and seven times in Esther. In a leap year, the intercalcated month is called Adar Sheni (Second Adar or Adar II) and the regular month Adar Rishom (First Adar or Adar I). |
| Y YEARLY | REPEATS |
|
| Sabbatical Year | (Lev.25) every "seven years", it is like a Sabbath, "rest" without work, and adore God with thanksgiving... but for one full year!. | |
| Year of Jubilee | (Lev.25) every 49 years, 7x7; it is like a "Sabbatical Year", but now all land was returned to the original owner. | |
Research of dates done by Struan Robertson,
edited and formated by Congregation Melech Yisrael
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